Malinga ndi malipoti, CEO wa Intel, Lip-Bu Tan, akuganiza zosiya kukwezedwa kwamakampani opanga 18A (1.8nm) kwa makasitomala oyambira ndipo m'malo mwake amayang'ana kwambiri njira yopangira 14A (1.4nm) ya m'badwo wotsatira (1.4nm) poyesa kupeza maoda kuchokera kwamakasitomala akuluakulu monga Apple ndi Nvidia. Ngati kusinthaku kukuchitika, kudzakhala chizindikiro chachiwiri motsatizana kuti Intel yatsitsa zomwe zimafunikira. Kusintha komwe akufunsidwa kutha kukhala ndi vuto lalikulu lazachuma ndikusintha momwe bizinesi ya Intel idayambira, ndikupangitsa kuti kampaniyo ituluke pamsika wazaka zikubwerazi. Intel yatiuza kuti chidziwitsochi chimachokera pamalingaliro amsika. Komabe, wolankhulirayo adapereka zidziwitso zina zamakampani opanga njira, zomwe taziphatikiza pansipa. "Sitikunena za mphekesera zamsika ndi zongopeka," wolankhulira Intel adauza Tom's Hardware. "Monga tanenera kale, tadzipereka kulimbikitsa njira yathu yachitukuko, kutumikira makasitomala athu, komanso kukonza chuma chathu m'tsogolomu."
Chiyambireni udindo mu Marichi, Tan adalengeza za dongosolo lochepetsera mtengo mu Epulo, lomwe likuyembekezeka kuphatikizira kuchotsedwa ntchito komanso kuletsa ntchito zina. Malinga ndi malipoti atolankhani, pofika mwezi wa June, adayamba kugawana ndi anzawo kuti kukopa kwa njira ya 18A-yomwe idapangidwa kuti iwonetse luso lakupanga la Intel-idali ikutsika kwa makasitomala akunja, zomwe zidamupangitsa kukhulupirira kuti zinali zomveka kuti kampaniyo asiye kupereka 18A ndi mtundu wake wowonjezera wa 18A-P kwa makasitomala oyambira.
M'malo mwake, Tan adanenanso kuti pakhale ndalama zambiri kuti amalize ndi kulimbikitsa ndondomeko ya kampani yotsatira, 14A, yomwe ikuyembekezeka kukhala yokonzekera kupanga chiopsezo mu 2027 ndi kupanga misala mu 2028. Poganizira nthawi ya 14A, ino ndi nthawi yoti tiyambe kuilimbikitsa pakati pa omwe angakhale makasitomala a Intel foundry.
Ukadaulo wopanga wa Intel's 18A ndiye njira yoyamba yamakampani kugwiritsa ntchito ma transistors amtundu wachiwiri wa RibbonFET gate-all-around (GAA) ndi PowerVia back-side power delivery network (BSPDN). Mosiyana ndi izi, 14A imagwiritsa ntchito ma transistors a RibbonFET ndi ukadaulo wa PowerDirect BSPDN, womwe umapereka mphamvu molunjika ku gwero ndi kukhetsa kwa transistor iliyonse kudzera pamalumikizana odzipereka, ndipo ili ndi ukadaulo wa Turbo Cells panjira zovuta. Kuphatikiza apo, 18A ndiye ukadaulo woyamba wa Intel womwe umagwirizana ndi zida zopangira za gulu lachitatu kwa makasitomala ake oyambira.
Malinga ndi omwe ali mkati, Intel ikasiya malonda akunja a 18A ndi 18A-P, ifunika kuletsa ndalama zochulukirapo kuti athetse mabiliyoni a madola omwe adayikidwa popanga matekinoloje opanga izi. Kutengera momwe ndalama zachitukuko zimawerengedwera, kuchotsedwa komaliza kumatha kufika mazana mamiliyoni kapena mabiliyoni a madola.
RibbonFET ndi PowerVia zidapangidwira 20A, koma mu Ogasiti watha, ukadaulo udachotsedwa kuti zinthu zamkati ziziyang'ana pa 18A pazogulitsa zamkati ndi zakunja.
Cholinga chakusuntha kwa Intel chingakhale chophweka: pochepetsa kuchuluka kwa makasitomala omwe angakhalepo a 18A, kampaniyo ikhoza kuchepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito. Zida zambiri zomwe zimafunikira pa 20A, 18A, ndi 14A (kupatula zida za EUV zokhala ndi manambala apamwamba) zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kale pa nsalu yake ya D1D ku Oregon ndi Fab 52 ndi Fab 62 ku Arizona. Komabe, chipangizochi chikayamba kugwira ntchito, kampaniyo iyenera kuwerengera ndalama zomwe zatsika. Poyang'anizana ndi malamulo osatsimikizika amakasitomala a chipani chachitatu, kusatumiza zida izi zitha kulola Intel kuchepetsa ndalama. Kuphatikiza apo, posapereka 18A ndi 18A-P kwa makasitomala akunja, Intel ikhoza kupulumutsa pamitengo yauinjiniya yokhudzana ndi kuthandizira mabwalo a anthu ena pasample, kupanga misa, ndi kupanga pa Intel fabs. Mwachiwonekere, izi ndi zongopeka chabe. Komabe, posiya kupereka 18A ndi 18A-P kwa makasitomala akunja, Intel sangathe kuwonetsa ubwino wa malo ake opanga kwa makasitomala osiyanasiyana omwe ali ndi mapangidwe osiyanasiyana, kuwasiya ndi njira imodzi yokha m'zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu zikubwerazi: kugwirizana ndi TSMC ndikugwiritsa ntchito N2, N2P, kapena A16.
Pomwe Samsung ikukonzekera kuyambitsa kupanga chip pa SF2 (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti SF3P) kumapeto kwa chaka chino, node iyi ikuyembekezeka kutsalira kumbuyo kwa Intel's 18A ndi TSMC's N2 ndi A16 yamphamvu, magwiridwe antchito, ndi dera. M'malo mwake, Intel sadzakhala akupikisana ndi TSMC's N2 ndi A16, zomwe sizikuthandizira kupindula ndi chidaliro chamakasitomala pazinthu zina za Intel (monga 14A, 3-T/3-E, Intel/UMC 12nm, etc.). Okhala mkati adawulula kuti Tan wapempha akatswiri a Intel kuti akonzekere zokambirana ndi Intel board kugwa uku. Malingaliro angaphatikizepo kuyimitsa kusaina kwa makasitomala atsopano panjira ya 18A, koma kutengera kukula ndi zovuta za nkhaniyi, chigamulo chomaliza chimayenera kudikirira mpaka bungwe likumananso kumapeto kwa chaka chino.
Intel mwiniwakeyo akuti anakana kukambirana za zochitika zongopeka koma adatsimikizira kuti makasitomala oyambirira a 18A akhala magawo ake azinthu, omwe akukonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito teknoloji kupanga Panther Lake laputopu CPU kuyambira 2025. Pamapeto pake, zinthu monga Clearwater Forest, Diamond Rapids, ndi Jaguar Shores zidzagwiritsa ntchito 18A ndi 18A-P.
Zofuna Zochepa? Kuyesetsa kwa Intel kukopa makasitomala akuluakulu akunja kumayambiriro ake ndikofunikira pakusintha kwake, chifukwa kuchuluka kwake komwe kungalole kampaniyo kubweza mabiliyoni omwe adagwiritsa ntchito popanga matekinoloje ake. Komabe, pambali pa Intel yokha, Amazon, Microsoft, ndi US Department of Defense ndi omwe adatsimikizira mwalamulo mapulani ogwiritsira ntchito 18A. Malipoti akuwonetsa kuti Broadcom ndi Nvidia akuyesanso ukadaulo waposachedwa wa Intel, koma sanadziperekebe kuzigwiritsa ntchito pazinthu zenizeni. Poyerekeza ndi TSMC's N2, Intel's 18A ili ndi mwayi waukulu: imathandizira kuperekera mphamvu kumbuyo, komwe kumakhala kothandiza kwambiri kwa mapurosesa amphamvu kwambiri omwe amapangidwa ndi AI ndi HPC. Purosesa ya TSMC's A16, yokhala ndi njanji yamagetsi apamwamba (SPR), ikuyembekezeka kulowa mukupanga anthu ambiri kumapeto kwa 2026, kutanthauza kuti 18A ikhalabe ndi mwayi wopereka mphamvu zakumbuyo ku Amazon, Microsoft, ndi makasitomala ena omwe angakhalepo kwakanthawi. Komabe, N2 ikuyembekezeka kupereka kachulukidwe wapamwamba kwambiri wa transistor, womwe umapindulitsa mapangidwe ambiri a chip. Kuphatikiza apo, Intel yakhala ikuyendetsa tchipisi ta Panther Lake pansalu yake ya D1D kwa magawo angapo (chifukwa chake, Intel ikugwiritsabe ntchito 18A popanga chiopsezo), Fab 52 yake yapamwamba kwambiri ndi Fab 62 idayamba kuyendetsa tchipisi ta 18A mu Marichi chaka chino, kutanthauza kuti sayamba kupanga tchipisi tamalonda mpaka kumapeto kwa 2025, kapena kupitilira apo, makasitomala awo akunja ali ndi chidwi ndi Intel. amapanga m'mafakitale apamwamba kwambiri ku Arizona m'malo mopanga nsalu zachitukuko ku Oregon.
Mwachidule, CEO wa Intel Lip-Bu Tan akuganiza zoyimitsa kukwezedwa kwamakampani opanga 18A kwa makasitomala akunja ndipo m'malo mwake ayang'ana njira yopangira 14A ya m'badwo wotsatira, ndicholinga chokopa makasitomala akulu ngati Apple ndi Nvidia. Kusunthaku kungayambitse zovuta zambiri, popeza Intel yayika mabiliyoni ambiri popanga ukadaulo wa 18A ndi 18A-P. Kusunthira kuyang'ana panjira ya 14A kungathandize kuchepetsa mtengo komanso kukonzekera bwino makasitomala amtundu wina, komanso kutha kufooketsa chidaliro mu kuthekera kwa Intel komwe adayambitsa njira ya 14A isanakhazikitsidwe kuti alowe mu 2027-2028. Pomwe node ya 18A imakhalabe yofunikira pazogulitsa za Intel (monga Panther Lake CPU), kufunikira kocheperako (mpaka pano, Amazon yokha, Microsoft, ndi US Department of Defense ndizomwe zatsimikizira zolinga zoigwiritsa ntchito) zimadzetsa nkhawa za kuthekera kwake. Lingaliro lomwe lingakhalepo likutanthauza kuti Intel atha kutuluka mumsika woyambira njira ya 14A isanayambike. Ngakhale Intel pamapeto pake isankha kuchotsa njira ya 18A pazopereka zake zoyambira pazogwiritsa ntchito ndi makasitomala osiyanasiyana, kampaniyo idzagwiritsabe ntchito njira ya 18A kupanga tchipisi tazinthu zake zomwe zidapangidwira kale. Intel ikufunanso kukwaniritsa malire ake odzipereka, kuphatikiza kupereka tchipisi kwa makasitomala omwe tawatchulawa.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-21-2025