Malinga ndi malipoti, CEO wa Intel, Lip-Bu Tan, akuganizira zosiya kutsatsa njira yopangira 18A ya kampaniyo (1.8nm) kwa makasitomala a foundry ndipo m'malo mwake akuyang'ana kwambiri njira yopangira 14A ya m'badwo wotsatira (1.4nm) pofuna kupeza maoda kuchokera kwa makasitomala akuluakulu monga Apple ndi Nvidia. Ngati kusinthaku kwa chidwi kukuchitika, kudzakhala nthawi yachiwiri motsatizana kuti Intel yachepetsa zomwe ikufuna. Kusintha kumeneku kungakhale ndi zotsatirapo zazikulu pazachuma ndikusintha njira ya bizinesi ya foundry ya Intel, zomwe zingapangitse kampaniyo kutuluka pamsika wa foundry m'zaka zikubwerazi. Intel yatiuza kuti izi zikuchokera ku malingaliro a msika. Komabe, wolankhulira wapereka chidziwitso china chowonjezera pa njira yopangira kampaniyo, yomwe taphatikiza pansipa. "Sitinenapo kanthu pa mphekesera za msika ndi malingaliro," wolankhulira Intel adauza Tom's Hardware. "Monga tanenera kale, tadzipereka kulimbitsa njira yathu yopangira chitukuko, kutumikira makasitomala athu, ndikukonza momwe ndalama zathu zamtsogolo zilili."
Kuyambira pamene adatenga udindo mu Marichi, Tan adalengeza dongosolo lochepetsera ndalama mu Epulo, lomwe likuyembekezeka kukhudza kuchotsedwa ntchito ndi kuletsa mapulojekiti ena. Malinga ndi malipoti a nkhani, pofika mu Juni, adayamba kugawana ndi anzake kuti kukopa kwa njira ya 18A—yomwe idapangidwa kuti iwonetse luso la Intel lopanga—kunali kuchepa kwa makasitomala akunja, zomwe zidamupangitsa kukhulupirira kuti zinali zomveka kuti kampaniyo isiye kupereka 18A ndi mtundu wake wowonjezera wa 18A-P kwa makasitomala opanga maziko.
M'malo mwake, Tan adapereka lingaliro logawa zinthu zambiri kuti amalize ndikulimbikitsa node ya kampani yotsatira, 14A, yomwe ikuyembekezeka kukhala yokonzeka kupanga zoopsa mu 2027 komanso kupanga zinthu zambiri mu 2028. Popeza nthawi ya 14A ndi nthawi yake, ino ndi nthawi yoti tiyambe kuigulitsa pakati pa makasitomala ena omwe angakhale makasitomala a Intel foundry.
Ukadaulo wa Intel wopanga ma 18A ndi njira yoyamba ya kampaniyo kugwiritsa ntchito ma transistors ake a RibbonFET gate-all-around (GAA) a m'badwo wachiwiri ndi PowerVia back-side power delivery network (BSPDN). Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, 14A imagwiritsa ntchito ma transistors a RibbonFET ndi ukadaulo wa PowerDirect BSPDN, womwe umapereka mphamvu mwachindunji ku gwero ndi kutayira kwa transistor iliyonse kudzera mu ma contacts apadera, ndipo uli ndi ukadaulo wa Turbo Cells panjira zofunika kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, 18A ndi ukadaulo woyamba wamakono wa Intel wogwirizana ndi zida zopangira zachitatu kwa makasitomala ake oyambitsa zinthu.
Malinga ndi anthu amkati, ngati Intel isiya kugulitsa 18A ndi 18A-P kunja, idzafunika kuchotsa ndalama zambiri kuti ichotse mabiliyoni ambiri a madola omwe adayikidwa popanga ukadaulo wopanga uwu. Kutengera momwe ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito zimawerengedwera, kuchotsa komaliza kumatha kufika mazana mamiliyoni kapena mabiliyoni a madola.
Poyamba RibbonFET ndi PowerVia zinapangidwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pa 20A, koma mwezi watha wa Ogasiti, ukadaulowu unachotsedwa kuti zinthu zamkati ziziyang'ana kwambiri pa 18A pazinthu zamkati ndi zakunja.
Chifukwa cha kusamuka kwa Intel chingakhale chosavuta: pochepetsa chiwerengero cha makasitomala omwe angakhalepo pa 18A, kampaniyo ingachepetse ndalama zogwirira ntchito. Zipangizo zambiri zofunika pa 20A, 18A, ndi 14A (kupatula zida za EUV zokhala ndi manambala ambiri) zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kale pa fakitale yake ya D1D ku Oregon ndi Fab 52 ndi Fab 62 ku Arizona. Komabe, chipangizochi chikayamba kugwira ntchito mwalamulo, kampaniyo iyenera kuwerengera ndalama zomwe yawononga. Poyang'anizana ndi maoda osatsimikizika a makasitomala a chipani chachitatu, kusayika zidazi kungathandize Intel kuchepetsa ndalama. Kuphatikiza apo, posapereka 18A ndi 18A-P kwa makasitomala akunja, Intel ingasunge ndalama zogwirira ntchito zokhudzana ndi kuthandizira mabwalo a chipani chachitatu pakusankha zitsanzo, kupanga zinthu zambiri, ndi kupanga pa mafakitale a Intel. Mwachionekere, izi ndi malingaliro chabe. Komabe, posiya kupereka 18A ndi 18A-P kwa makasitomala akunja, Intel sidzatha kuwonetsa ubwino wa ma node ake opangira zinthu kwa makasitomala osiyanasiyana okhala ndi mapangidwe osiyanasiyana, zomwe zidzawasiya ndi njira imodzi yokha m'zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu zikubwerazi: kugwirizana ndi TSMC ndikugwiritsa ntchito N2, N2P, kapena ngakhale A16.
Ngakhale Samsung ikukonzekera kuyamba kupanga ma chip pa node yake ya SF2 (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti SF3P) kumapeto kwa chaka chino, node iyi ikuyembekezeka kukhala yocheperako poyerekeza ndi Intel's 18A ndi TSMC's N2 ndi A16 pankhani ya mphamvu, magwiridwe antchito, ndi dera. Kwenikweni, Intel sidzapikisana ndi TSMC's N2 ndi A16, zomwe sizithandiza kukopa chidaliro cha makasitomala omwe angakhalepo pazinthu zina za Intel (monga 14A, 3-T/3-E, Intel/UMC 12nm, ndi zina zotero). Anthu amkati avumbulutsa kuti Tan wapempha akatswiri a Intel kuti akonze lingaliro loti akambirane ndi bungwe la Intel nthawi yophukira ino. Lingaliroli lingaphatikizepo kuyimitsa kusaina makasitomala atsopano pa njira ya 18A, koma poganizira kukula ndi zovuta za nkhaniyi, chisankho chomaliza chingafunike kudikira mpaka bungweli litakumananso kumapeto kwa chaka chino.
Intel yokha yakana kukambirana za zochitika zongoganizira koma yatsimikiza kuti makasitomala akuluakulu a 18A ndi omwe ali m'magulu ake ogulitsa, omwe akukonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulowu kupanga Panther Lake laptop CPU kuyambira mu 2025. Pamapeto pake, zinthu monga Clearwater Forest, Diamond Rapids, ndi Jaguar Shores zidzagwiritsa ntchito 18A ndi 18A-P.
Kufunika Kochepa? Kuyesetsa kwa Intel kukopa makasitomala akuluakulu akunja ku fakitale yake ndikofunikira kwambiri pakusintha kwake, chifukwa kuchuluka kwakukulu kokha ndi komwe kungathandize kampaniyo kubweza ndalama zomwe yawononga mabiliyoni ambiri omwe yagwiritsa ntchito popanga ukadaulo wake wa njira. Komabe, kupatula Intel yokha, Amazon, Microsoft, ndi US Department of Defense okha ndi omwe atsimikiza mwalamulo mapulani ogwiritsira ntchito 18A. Malipoti akusonyeza kuti Broadcom ndi Nvidia akuyesanso ukadaulo waposachedwa wa njira wa Intel, koma sanadziperekebe kuugwiritsa ntchito pazinthu zenizeni. Poyerekeza ndi N2 ya TSMC, 18A ya Intel ili ndi ubwino waukulu: imathandizira kutumiza mphamvu kumbuyo, komwe ndi kothandiza kwambiri kwa ma processor amphamvu kwambiri omwe cholinga chake ndi kugwiritsa ntchito AI ndi HPC. Purosesa ya A16 ya TSMC, yokhala ndi njanji yamphamvu kwambiri (SPR), ikuyembekezeka kuyamba kupanga zinthu zambiri pofika kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2026, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti 18A ipitilizabe kukhala ndi mwayi wopereka mphamvu kumbuyo kwa Amazon, Microsoft, ndi makasitomala ena omwe angakhalepo kwa nthawi yayitali. Komabe, N2 ikuyembekezeka kupereka kuchuluka kwa transistor, komwe kumapindulitsa mapangidwe ambiri a chip. Kuphatikiza apo, ngakhale Intel yakhala ikugwiritsa ntchito ma chips a Panther Lake pa fakitale yake ya D1D kwa magawo angapo (motero, Intel ikugwiritsabe ntchito 18A popanga zoopsa), Fab 52 ndi Fab 62 zake zazikulu zinayamba kugwiritsa ntchito ma chips oyesera a 18A mu Marichi chaka chino, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti sadzayamba kupanga ma chips amalonda mpaka kumapeto kwa 2025, kapena molondola, kumayambiriro kwa 2025. Zachidziwikire, makasitomala akunja a Intel ali ndi chidwi chopanga mapangidwe awo m'mafakitale akuluakulu ku Arizona m'malo mopanga ma tchipisi ku Oregon.
Mwachidule, CEO wa Intel Lip-Bu Tan akuganizira zoyimitsa kukwezedwa kwa njira yopangira 18A ya kampaniyo kwa makasitomala akunja ndipo m'malo mwake akuyang'ana kwambiri pa node yopangira 14A ya m'badwo wotsatira, cholinga chake ndikukopa makasitomala akuluakulu monga Apple ndi Nvidia. Izi zitha kuyambitsa mavuto akulu, chifukwa Intel yayika mabiliyoni ambiri popanga ukadaulo wa 18A ndi 18A-P. Kusamutsa chidwi ku njira ya 14A kungathandize kuchepetsa ndalama ndikukonzekera bwino makasitomala a chipani chachitatu, koma kungawonongenso chidaliro mu luso la Intel la foundry isanafike njira ya 14A yopangidwira kupanga mu 2027-2028. Ngakhale node ya 18A ikadali yofunika kwambiri pazinthu za Intel (monga Panther Lake CPU), kufunikira kochepa kwa anthu ena (mpaka pano, Amazon, Microsoft, ndi US Department of Defense okha ndi omwe atsimikiza mapulani oigwiritsa ntchito) kumabweretsa nkhawa za kuthekera kwake. Chisankho ichi chikutanthauza kuti Intel ikhoza kutuluka pamsika waukulu wa foundry isanayambe njira ya 14A. Ngakhale Intel ikasankha kuchotsa njira ya 18A kuchokera kuzinthu zake zopangira zinthu zosiyanasiyana komanso makasitomala, kampaniyo idzagwiritsabe ntchito njira ya 18A popanga ma chips azinthu zake zomwe zapangidwa kale kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pa njirayi. Intel ikufunanso kukwaniritsa maoda ake ochepa, kuphatikizapo kupereka ma chips kwa makasitomala omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa.
Nthawi yotumizira: Julayi-21-2025