Pamafunika njira zitatu kuti njovu ilowe mufiriji. Ndiye mumayika bwanji mulu wa mchenga mu kompyuta?
Inde, zomwe tikunena pano si mchenga wa m’mphepete mwa nyanja, koma mchenga waiwisi umene umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga tchipisi. "Kukumba mchenga kuti mupange tchipisi" kumafuna njira yovuta.
Khwerero 1: Pezani Zida Zopangira
M'pofunika kusankha mchenga woyenera ngati zopangira. Chigawo chachikulu cha mchenga wamba ndi silicon dioxide (SiO₂), koma kupanga chip kumakhala ndi zofunika kwambiri pachiyero cha silicon dioxide. Chifukwa chake, mchenga wa quartz wokhala ndi ukhondo wapamwamba komanso zonyansa zochepa nthawi zambiri umasankhidwa.
Gawo 2: Kusintha kwa zipangizo
Kuti muchotse silicon yoyera kwambiri mumchenga, mchenga uyenera kusakanizidwa ndi ufa wa magnesium, utenthedwa pa kutentha kwakukulu, ndi silicon dioxide kuchepetsedwa kukhala silikoni wangwiro kudzera pakuchepetsa mankhwala. Imayeretsedwanso kudzera munjira zina zamakina kuti mupeze silicon yamagetsi yamagetsi ndi chiyero mpaka 99.9999999%.
Kenako, silicon yamagetsi yamagetsi iyenera kupangidwa kukhala silicon imodzi ya kristalo kuti zitsimikizire kukhulupirika kwa kapangidwe ka kristalo. Izi zimachitika potenthetsa silicon yoyera kwambiri kuti ikhale yosungunuka, kuyika kristalo wambewu, kenako ndikuzungulira pang'onopang'ono ndikuyikoka kuti ipange cylindrical single crystal silicon ingot.
Pomaliza, crystal silicon ingot imadulidwa kukhala zopyapyala zoonda kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito waya wa diamondi ndipo zopatulirazo zimapukutidwa kuti zitsimikizike kuti pamwamba pake pazikhala bwino komanso popanda cholakwika.
Gawo 3: Njira Yopanga
Silicon ndi gawo lalikulu la ma processor a makompyuta. Akatswiri amagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono monga photolithography makina kuti mobwerezabwereza kujambula zithunzi ndi etching masitepe kupanga zigawo zigawo ndi zipangizo pa silicon wafers, monga "kumanga nyumba." Chophika chilichonse cha silicon chimatha kukhala ndi tchipisi mazana kapena masauzande.
Nsaluzo zimatumiza zophatikizika zomalizidwa kufakitale yokonzedwa kale, komwe macheka a diamondi amadula zowotcha za silicon kukhala masauzande a rectangles kukula kwake ngati chikhadabo, chilichonse chimakhala chip. Kenako, makina osankha amasankha tchipisi toyenerera, ndipo pomalizira pake makina ena amawaika pa reel ndi kuwatumiza ku fakitale yolongedza ndi kuyesa.
Khwerero 4: Kupaka komaliza
Pamalo olongedza ndi kuyezetsa, akatswiri amayesa mayeso omaliza pa chip chilichonse kuti atsimikizire kuti akuyenda bwino komanso kuti ndi okonzeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngati tchipisi tapambana mayeso, amayikidwa pakati pa sinki yotentha ndi gawo lapansi kuti apange phukusi lathunthu. Izi zili ngati kuyika "suti yoteteza" pa chip; phukusi lakunja limateteza chip ku kuwonongeka, kutenthedwa, ndi kuipitsidwa. Mkati mwa kompyuta, phukusili limapanga kugwirizana kwa magetsi pakati pa chip ndi bolodi la dera.
Monga choncho, mitundu yonse ya zinthu za chip zomwe zimayendetsa dziko laukadaulo zatha!
INTEL NDI KUPANGA
Masiku ano, kusintha kwazinthu zopangira kukhala zinthu zothandiza kwambiri kapena zamtengo wapatali kudzera mukupanga ndizofunikira kwambiri pachuma chapadziko lonse lapansi. Kupanga zinthu zambiri ndi zinthu zochepa kapena maola ochepa a anthu ndikuwongolera kayendedwe kabwino ka ntchito kumatha kukulitsa mtengo wazinthu. Makampani akamapanga zinthu zambiri mwachangu, phindu pamabizinesi amawonjezeka.
Kupanga kuli pachimake cha Intel.
Intel imapanga tchipisi ta semiconductor, tchipisi tazithunzi, ma chipsets a motherboard, ndi zida zina zamakompyuta. Pamene kupanga semiconductor kumakhala kovuta kwambiri, Intel ndi imodzi mwamakampani ochepa padziko lapansi omwe amatha kumaliza mapangidwe apamwamba komanso kupanga m'nyumba.
Kuyambira 1968, akatswiri opanga ma Intel ndi asayansi athana ndi zovuta zakuthupi zonyamula ma transistors ochulukirapo kukhala tchipisi tating'ono ndi ting'onoting'ono. Kukwaniritsa cholingachi kumafuna gulu lalikulu lapadziko lonse lapansi, zomangamanga zamafakitale zotsogola, komanso dongosolo lamphamvu lazachilengedwe.
Tekinoloje yopanga semiconductor ya Intel imasintha zaka zingapo zilizonse. Monga momwe zinanenedweratu ndi Lamulo la Moore, m'badwo uliwonse wazinthu umabweretsa zinthu zambiri komanso magwiridwe antchito apamwamba, umapangitsa kuti mphamvu ziziyenda bwino, komanso zimachepetsa mtengo wa transistor imodzi. Intel ili ndi malo oyesera angapo padziko lonse lapansi, omwe amagwira ntchito mosinthika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
KUPANGA NDI MOYO WATSIKU NDI TSIKU
Kupanga ndikofunikira pa moyo wathu watsiku ndi tsiku. Zinthu zomwe timakhudza, kudalira, kusangalala ndi kudya tsiku lililonse zimafunikira kupanga.
Mwachidule, popanda kusintha zipangizo kukhala zinthu zovuta kwambiri, sipakanakhala zipangizo zamagetsi, zipangizo zamagetsi, magalimoto, ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimapangitsa moyo kukhala wosavuta, wotetezeka, komanso wosavuta.
Nthawi yotumiza: Feb-03-2025