Pamafunika masitepe atatu kuti njovu ilowe mufiriji. Ndiye mungalowetse bwanji mulu wa mchenga mu kompyuta?
Zachidziwikire, chomwe tikunena pano si mchenga womwe uli pagombe, koma mchenga wosaphika womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma chips. "Kukumba mchenga kuti upange ma chips" kumafuna njira yovuta.
Gawo 1: Pezani Zipangizo Zopangira
Ndikofunikira kusankha mchenga woyenera ngati zopangira. Chigawo chachikulu cha mchenga wamba ndi silicon dioxide (SiO₂), koma kupanga ma chips kumafunikira kwambiri pa kuyera kwa silicon dioxide. Chifukwa chake, mchenga wa quartz wokhala ndi kuyera kwambiri komanso zodetsa zochepa nthawi zambiri umasankhidwa.
Gawo 2: Kusintha kwa zinthu zopangira
Kuti muchotse silicon yoyera kwambiri mumchenga, mchenga uyenera kusakanizidwa ndi ufa wa magnesium, kutenthedwa pa kutentha kwakukulu, ndipo silicon dioxide ichepetsedwe kukhala silicon yoyera kudzera mu njira yochepetsera mankhwala. Kenako umayeretsedwanso kudzera mu njira zina zamankhwala kuti upeze silicon yoyera yamagetsi yokhala ndi chiyero chofika pa 99.9999999%.
Kenako, silicon yamagetsi iyenera kupangidwa kukhala silicon imodzi ya kristalo kuti itsimikizire kuti kapangidwe ka kristalo ka purosesa ndi kolimba. Izi zimachitika potenthetsa silicon yoyera kwambiri kukhala yosungunuka, kuyika kristalo ya mbewu, kenako ndikuyizungulira pang'onopang'ono ndikuikoka kuti ipange ingot ya silicon imodzi ya kristalo.
Pomaliza, ingot ya silicon imodzi ya kristalo imadulidwa kukhala ma wafers owonda kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito waya wa diamondi ndipo ma wafers amapukutidwa kuti atsimikizire kuti pamwamba pake pali posalala komanso pabwino.
Gawo 3: Njira Yopangira
Silicon ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la ma processor a makompyuta. Akatswiri amagwiritsa ntchito zida zamakono monga makina ojambulira zithunzi kuti azichita mobwerezabwereza ma photolithography ndi masitepe ojambulira zithunzi kuti apange zigawo za ma circuit ndi zipangizo pa ma silicon wafers, monga "kumanga nyumba." Silicon wafer iliyonse imatha kusunga ma chips mazana kapena zikwi.
Kenako nsaluyo imatumiza ma wafer omalizidwa ku fakitale yokonzekera, komwe chodulira cha diamondi chimadula ma wafer a silicon kukhala ma rectangles ambirimbiri ofanana ndi msomali, omwe aliwonse ndi chip. Kenako, makina osankhiramo amasankha ma chips oyenerera, ndipo pamapeto pake makina ena amawaika pa reel ndikutumiza ku fakitale yopaka ndi kuyesa.
Gawo 4: Kupaka Komaliza
Pa malo opakira ndi kuyesa, akatswiri amachita mayeso omaliza pa chip chilichonse kuti atsimikizire kuti chikugwira ntchito bwino komanso kuti chili okonzeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngati chips zipambana mayesowo, zimayikidwa pakati pa chotenthetsera ndi substrate kuti apange phukusi lathunthu. Izi zili ngati kuyika "suti yoteteza" pa chip; phukusi lakunja limateteza chip kuti chisawonongeke, kutentha kwambiri, komanso kuipitsidwa. Mkati mwa kompyuta, phukusili limapanga kulumikizana kwamagetsi pakati pa chip ndi bolodi la circuit.
Monga momwemo, mitundu yonse ya zinthu za chip zomwe zimayendetsa dziko laukadaulo zatha!
INTEL NDI KUPANGITSA
Masiku ano, kusintha kwa zinthu zopangira kukhala zinthu zothandiza kapena zamtengo wapatali kudzera mu kupanga ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa chuma cha dziko lonse. Kupanga zinthu zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zochepa kapena maola ochepa ogwira ntchito komanso kukonza bwino ntchito kungawonjezere phindu la zinthu. Pamene makampani akupanga zinthu zambiri mwachangu, phindu lonse la bizinesi likuwonjezeka.
Kupanga zinthu ndiye maziko a Intel.
Intel imapanga ma chips a semiconductor, ma chips azithunzi, ma chipset a motherboard, ndi zida zina zamakompyuta. Pamene kupanga ma semiconductor kukukulirakulira, Intel ndi imodzi mwa makampani ochepa padziko lonse lapansi omwe angathe kumaliza kupanga zinthu zamakono komanso zopangira mkati.
Kuyambira mu 1968, mainjiniya ndi asayansi a Intel apambana mavuto akuthupi okhudza kulongedza ma transistors ambiri kukhala ma chips ang'onoang'ono ndi ang'onoang'ono. Kuti izi zitheke pamafunika gulu lalikulu padziko lonse lapansi, zomangamanga za fakitale zotsogola, komanso njira yolimba yoperekera zinthu.
Ukadaulo wa Intel wopanga ma semiconductor umasintha pakatha zaka zingapo zilizonse. Monga momwe Moore's Law inaneneratu, mbadwo uliwonse wa zinthu umabweretsa zinthu zambiri komanso magwiridwe antchito apamwamba, umawonjezera mphamvu, komanso umachepetsa mtengo wa transistor imodzi. Intel ili ndi malo ambiri opangira ma wafer ndi mayeso opaka padziko lonse lapansi, omwe amagwira ntchito mu netiweki yapadziko lonse yosinthasintha kwambiri.
KUPANGA NDI MOYO WA TSIKU NDI TSIKU
Kupanga zinthu n'kofunika kwambiri pa moyo wathu wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Zinthu zomwe timakhudza, kudalira, kusangalala nazo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito tsiku lililonse zimafuna kupanga zinthu.
Mwachidule, popanda kusintha zinthu zopangira kukhala zinthu zovuta kwambiri, sipangakhale zipangizo zamagetsi, zipangizo zamagetsi, magalimoto, ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimapangitsa moyo kukhala wosavuta, wotetezeka, komanso wosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.
Nthawi yotumizira: Feb-03-2025