Pa nthawi ya ntchito ya transistor, njira ya dzenje imapangidwa, pomwe gawo lamagetsi lopangidwa ndi cation limapangidwa kawiri.
Ofufuza a ku Seoul National University apanga transistor yotulutsa kuwala ya ultra-low-voltage electrochemical organic yomwe imatha kugwira ntchito nthawi imodzi yokonza zizindikiro, kukumbukira ndi kutulutsa kuwala mkati mwa chipangizo chimodzi cha semiconductor. Mwa kuyambitsa chowonjezera cha ion-transport mu njira ya polymer semiconductor yotulutsa kuwala, gululo linathandiza kupanga magetsi awiri-awiri pa malo olumikizirana a drain electrode, zomwe zinalola kuti ma electron alowe bwino popanda kudalira ma voltages ambiri kapena kusagwirizana kwa n-type doping komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zachikhalidwe.
Motero, chipangizochi chinasunga kapangidwe kosavuta ka single-active-layer pomwe chimagwira ntchito ndi magetsi ochepa komanso kuwala kozungulira, komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi malo, pamodzi ndi magwiridwe antchito a neuromorphic signal-processing.
Ntchitoyi yafalitsidwa mu magazini ya Nature Materials.
Zipangizo zamagetsi zovalidwa zikusintha mofulumira kuposa ma watchwatch ndi magalasi anzeru kukhala nsanja zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, ndipo mtsogolomu zikukula kukhala zipangizo zogwiritsidwa ntchito pakhungu ndi zokhazikika.
Makamaka, zipangizo zovalidwa pakhungu, pamodzi ndi ukadaulo wophatikizika wa semiconductor womwe umaphatikiza kuzindikira, kukonza zizindikiro, kukumbukira ndi ntchito zowonetsera papulatifomu imodzi, zimaonedwa ngati ukadaulo wofunikira kwambiri wothandiza pa chisamaliro chaumoyo cha m'badwo wotsatira komanso makampani amagetsi amtsogolo.
Posachedwapa, zamagetsi zomwe zimavalidwa zapita patsogolo kuposa kungozindikira zizindikiro zamoyo kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pokonza ndi kuwonetsa zizindikiro nthawi yeniyeni.
Komabe, mpaka pano, ntchito zimenezi nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zosiyana zolumikizidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zomangamanga zovuta, zigawo zazikulu komanso zolimba, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri. Chifukwa chake, kuphatikiza ntchito zingapo mkati mwa kapangidwe ka chipangizo chosavuta kwakhala vuto lalikulu.
1. Chifukwa chiyani zipangizo zamakono sizikuyenda bwino
Ma transistors otulutsa kuwala kwachilengedwe akopeka chidwi ngati njira yabwino yogwiritsira ntchito zida zamagetsi zogwiritsidwa ntchito m'badwo wotsatira chifukwa amatha kuphatikiza ntchito za transistor ndi diode yotulutsa kuwala mu chipangizo chimodzi.
Komabe, ma transistors achikhalidwe okhala ndi kapangidwe ka ma electrode a mbali imodzi amafunikira ma voltage othamanga kwambiri a 80 mpaka 180 V chifukwa cha mtunda wautali pakati pa ma electrode ndi chotchinga chachikulu cholowetsa ma electron.
Ngakhale kugwiritsa ntchito ma ion opangidwa ndi electrochemical kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa mphamvu yamagetsi yogwirira ntchito, kumafunikabe kupitirira 3.5 V, ndipo malo otulutsira mpweya amakhalabe opapatiza komanso osakhazikika, zomwe zimalepheretsa kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu zenizeni komanso makina amagetsi ovalidwa mwanzeru.
2. Momwe transistor yatsopano imagwirira ntchito
Gulu lofufuza linapanga transistor yamagetsi yotsika kwambiri yamagetsi yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wamagetsi, kukumbukira ndi kutulutsa kuwala mkati mwa transistor imodzi yachilengedwe.
Mwa kuyika chowonjezera cha ion-transport mu active layer kuti chipangitse kupanga kwa electric-double-layer pa electrode interface, gululo linayambitsa njira yatsopano yopangira ma electron bwino popanda kudalira ma voltages okwera kapena kusasunthika kwa doping komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zachikhalidwe.
Izi zinathandiza kuti kuwala kutuluke ngakhale pa ma voltages < 3.5 V, omwe kale ankaonedwa kuti ndi otsika kwambiri kuti agwire ntchito, pomwe akusunga malo otulutsa mpweya ambiri komanso okhazikika.
Chipangizochi chinawonetsanso mawonekedwe a ma signal ndi kukumbukira, ndi mayankho omwe amasonkhana pansi pa zolimbikitsa mobwerezabwereza ndikusungidwa pakapita nthawi, ndipo chinawonetsedwanso mu makina owonetsera osinthika omwe amayendetsedwa ndi mabatire awiri okha a 1.5 V.
Kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa kuti kutulutsa kuwala kokhazikika komanso magwiridwe antchito anzeru zitha kuchitika nthawi imodzi ngakhale mu kapangidwe kosavuta ka single-active-layer, zomwe zimakulitsa kwambiri kuthekera kwa ma transistors achilengedwe kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito povala.
3. Kukhudza zovala zogwiritsidwa ntchito
Kafukufukuyu ndi wofunika kwambiri chifukwa umaphatikiza kukonza ma signal, kukumbukira ndi kutulutsa kuwala mu chipangizo chimodzi, kuchepetsa zoletsa za makina amagetsi ovalidwa omwe amafunikira zigawo zingapo zosiyana kuti zipangidwe ndikulumikizidwa.
Makamaka, powonetsanso mayankho okhazikika komanso okhazikika ku zoyambitsa zomwe zalowetsedwa, zikuwonetsa kuthekera kwa zamagetsi am'badwo wotsatira omwe amatha kukonza chidziwitso ndikuwonetsa zotsatira zake nthawi yomweyo kudzera mu kuwala.
Ngakhale kuti zipangizo zamakono zovalidwa zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kwa ogwiritsa ntchito kuwona zizindikiro zoyezedwa nthawi yeniyeni akamayenda, ukadaulo uwu umasonyeza kuyang'anira nthawi yeniyeni komanso kupereka chidziwitso mwachangu.
Ikuyembekezeka kuwonjezeredwa ku ntchito monga kukonzanso, chisamaliro cha odwala mwadzidzidzi, kuyang'anira masewera olimbitsa thupi, zamagetsi pakhungu ndi chisamaliro chanzeru chaumoyo, ndipo ikhoza kukhala ukadaulo wofunikira kwambiri m'mafakitale ena okhudzana ndi izi.
Pulofesa Tae-Woo Lee wasonyeza mpikisano wotsogola padziko lonse lapansi wofufuza kudzera m'mabuku otsatizana a Science and Nature mu 2026.
Ntchitoyi imapitirira zida zachikhalidwe zotulutsa kuwala mwa kuphatikiza kutulutsa kuwala, kukonza zizindikiro ndi magwiridwe antchito okumbukira mu chipangizo chimodzi cha semiconductor pamagetsi otsika, kupereka njira yatsopano yamagetsi anzeru ovalidwa a m'badwo wotsatira.
Pulofesa Tae-Woo Lee, yemwe anatsogolera kafukufukuyu, anati, "Ntchitoyi ndi yofunika kwambiri chifukwa ikusonyeza kuti ntchito zonse zitha kuphatikizidwa mkati mwa chipangizo chimodzi cha semiconductor, popanda kufunika kopanga ndi kulumikiza padera mayunitsi opangira, okumbukira, ndi owonetsera."
Iye anawonjezera kuti, "M'tsogolomu, tikukonzekera kupititsa patsogolo ukadaulo uwu kukhala nsanja ya semiconductor yogwiritsidwa ntchito pakhungu yogwiritsidwa ntchito pakhungu lopangidwa mwanzeru komanso chisamaliro chaumoyo chomwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito."
Ukadaulo uwu ndi wofunikanso chifukwa umapitirira ma semiconductors achizolowezi otulutsa kuwala mwa kuwonetsa magwiridwe antchito ambiri mu chipangizo chimodzi cha semiconductor chokhala ndi mphamvu zochepa.
Mwanjira imeneyi, ikupereka njira yatsopano ya zamagetsi anzeru ovalidwa pakhungu omwe amalola kulumikizana kwa nthawi yeniyeni pakati pa anthu ndi makina.
Nthawi yotumizira: Juni-22-2026