M'gawo lopanga ma semiconductor, njira yachikhalidwe yopangira ndalama zazikulu, zotsika mtengo kwambiri zikukumana ndi kusintha komwe kungachitike. Ndi chiwonetsero chomwe chikubwera cha "CEATEC 2024", Minimum Wafer Fab Promotion Organisation ikuwonetsa njira yatsopano yopangira zida zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito zida zazing'onoting'ono zopangira zida zopangira ma semiconductor. Zatsopanozi zikubweretsa mwayi womwe sunachitikepo m'mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati (SMEs) ndi oyambitsa. Nkhaniyi iphatikiza zidziwitso zoyenera kuti mufufuze zakumbuyo, zabwino, zovuta, komanso zovuta zomwe ukadaulo wocheperako wawafer fab pamakampani a semiconductor.
Kupanga kwa Semiconductor ndi bizinesi yomwe imafuna ndalama zambiri komanso luso laukadaulo. Mwachizoloŵezi, kupanga ma semiconductor kumafuna mafakitale akuluakulu ndi zipinda zoyera kuti apange zowonda za mainchesi 12. Ndalama zogulira nsalu zazikuluzikuluzikuluzikuluzikuluzikuluzikuluzikuluzikulu nthawi zambiri zimafika pa yen 2 thililiyoni (pafupifupi 120 biliyoni RMB), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kwa ma SME ndi oyamba kulowa nawo gawoli. Komabe, ndikuwonekera kwaukadaulo wocheperako wawafer fab, izi zikusintha.
Nsalu zowotcha zochepa ndi makina opanga makina opangira ma semiconductor omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zowotcha 0.5-inch, amachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa kupanga ndi ndalama zazikuluzikulu poyerekeza ndi zowotcha zakale za 12-inch. Ndalama zogulira zida zopangira izi ndi pafupifupi yen 500 miliyoni (pafupifupi 23.8 miliyoni RMB), zomwe zimathandizira ma SME ndi oyambitsa kuti ayambe kupanga ma semiconductor ndi ndalama zochepa.
Magwero aukadaulo waukadaulo wocheperako atha kutsatiridwa ndi kafukufuku yemwe adayambitsidwa ndi National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) ku Japan mchaka cha 2008. , kupanga magulu ang'onoang'ono. Ntchitoyi, motsogozedwa ndi Unduna wa Zachuma, Zamalonda ndi Zamakampani ku Japan, idaphatikiza mgwirizano pakati pamakampani ndi mabungwe aku Japan a 140 kuti akhazikitse m'badwo watsopano wazinthu zopangira zinthu, pofuna kuchepetsa kwambiri ndalama ndi zotchinga zaukadaulo, kulola opanga magalimoto ndi zida zapanyumba kupanga ma semiconductors. ndi masensa omwe amafunikira.
**Ubwino wa Minimum Wafer Fab Technology:**
1. **Ndalama Zomwe Zachepetsedwa Kwambiri:** Nsalu zazikuluzikulu zachikale zimafuna kuti pakhale ndalama zolipirira ma yen mabiliyoni mazanamazana, pomwe cholinga chofuna kugula nsalu zopyapyala ndi 1/100 mpaka 1/1000 yokha ya ndalamazo. Popeza chipangizo chilichonse ndi chaching'ono, palibe chifukwa cha malo akuluakulu a fakitale kapena ma photomasks opangira dera, kuchepetsa kwambiri ndalama zogwirira ntchito.
2. **Zitsanzo Zosinthika ndi Zosiyanasiyana:** Nsalu zopyapyala zochepa zimayang'ana kupanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamagulu ang'onoang'ono. Mtundu wopangirawu umalola ma SME ndi oyambitsa kuti asinthe mwachangu ndikupanga molingana ndi zosowa zawo, kukwaniritsa kufunikira kwa msika wazinthu zosinthidwa makonda komanso zosiyanasiyana za semiconductor.
3. **Njira Zopangira Zosavuta:** Zida zopangira muzovala zazing'ono zazing'ono zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ndi kukula kofanana panjira zonse, ndipo zotengera zonyamula zopatulira (mashuttle) zimakhala zapadziko lonse lapansi pagawo lililonse. Popeza zida ndi shuttles zimagwira ntchito pamalo aukhondo, palibe chifukwa chosamalira zipinda zazikulu zaukhondo. Kapangidwe kameneka kamachepetsa kwambiri ndalama zopangira zinthu komanso zovuta zake kudzera muukadaulo waukhondo wa komweko komanso njira zopangira zosavuta.
4. **Kuchepa kwa Mphamvu ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu Zapakhomo:** Zida zopangira munsalu zowonda pang'ono zimakhalanso ndi mphamvu zochepa ndipo zimatha kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zapakhomo za AC100V. Khalidweli limalola kuti zidazi zizigwiritsidwa ntchito kunja kwa zipinda zoyera, ndikuchepetsanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu komanso ndalama zogwirira ntchito.
5. **Njira Zofupikitsa Zopanga:** Kupanga makina opangira zida zazikulu nthawi zambiri kumafuna kudikirira kwanthawi yayitali kuchokera pakuyitanitsa, pomwe nsalu zowotcha zazing'ono zimatha kupanga munthawi yake kuchuluka kofunikira kwa ma semiconductor mkati mwanthawi yomwe mukufuna. Ubwinowu umawonekera makamaka m'magawo ngati intaneti ya Zinthu (IoT), yomwe imafunikira tinthu tating'ono tating'ono ta semiconductor.
**Kuwonetsa ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zaukadaulo:**
Pachiwonetsero cha "CEATEC 2024", a Minimum Wafer Fab Promotion Organisation adawonetsa njira yopangira zida zopangira zida zazing'onoting'ono. Pachionetserochi, makina atatu adakonzedwa kuti awonetse ndondomeko ya lithography, yomwe ikuphatikizapo kukana kuphimba, kuwonetseredwa, ndi chitukuko. Chidebe chonyamulira chophatikizira (shuttle) chinagwiridwa m'manja, ndikuyika mu zida, ndikuyatsidwa ndikudina batani. Pambuyo pomaliza, shuttleyo idatengedwa ndikuyika pa chipangizo china. Zomwe zili mkati ndi momwe chipangizocho chikuyendera chinawonetsedwa pazowunikira zawo.
Njira zitatuzi zikamalizidwa, chophikacho chinayang'aniridwa ndi maikulosikopu, ndikuwulula chitsanzo chokhala ndi mawu akuti "Halowini Yachimwemwe" ndi fanizo la dzungu. Chiwonetserochi sichinangowonetsa kuthekera kwaukadaulo waukadaulo wocheperako komanso kuwunikira kusinthasintha kwake komanso kulondola kwambiri.
Kuphatikiza apo, makampani ena ayamba kuyesa ukadaulo wocheperako wawafer fab. Mwachitsanzo, Yokogawa Solutions, kampani yocheperapo ya Yokogawa Electric Corporation, yakhazikitsa makina opangira zinthu zowoneka bwino, pafupifupi kukula kwa makina ogulitsa chakumwa, iliyonse ili ndi ntchito zotsuka, zotenthetsera, ndi zowonekera. Makinawa amapanga mzere wopangira semiconductor, ndipo gawo lochepera lomwe limafunikira kuti mzere wopanga "mini wafer fab" ndi kukula kwa makhothi awiri a tennis, 1% yokha ya malo a nsalu yopyapyala ya mainchesi 12.
Komabe, nsalu zazing'ono zazing'ono pakali pano zimavutikira kupikisana ndi mafakitale akuluakulu a semiconductor. Mapangidwe apamwamba kwambiri, makamaka muukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri (monga 7nm ndi pansipa), amadalirabe zida zapamwamba komanso luso lalikulu lopanga. Njira zopyapyala za 0.5-inch zokhala ndi nsalu zochepa zopyapyala ndizoyenera kupanga zida zosavuta, monga masensa ndi MEMS.
Nsalu zopyapyala zocheperako zimayimira mtundu watsopano wodalirika wopangira semiconductor. Odziwika ndi miniaturization, mtengo wotsika, komanso kusinthasintha, akuyembekezeka kupereka mwayi wamsika watsopano kwa ma SME ndi makampani opanga zatsopano. Ubwino wa nsalu zowonda pang'ono zimawonekera makamaka m'malo ogwiritsira ntchito monga IoT, masensa, ndi MEMS.
M'tsogolomu, ukadaulo ukakhwima komanso kukwezedwa mopitilira, nsalu zowonda pang'ono zitha kukhala zofunikira kwambiri pamakampani opanga ma semiconductor. Sikuti amangopatsa mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono mwayi wolowa m'gawoli komanso amatha kuyambitsa kusintha kwamitengo ndi mitundu yopangira makampani onse. Kukwaniritsa cholingachi kudzafunika kuyesetsa kwambiri paukadaulo, kukulitsa luso, komanso kumanga chilengedwe.
M'kupita kwa nthawi, kupititsa patsogolo bwino kwa nsalu zopyapyala kumatha kukhala ndi chiyambukiro chachikulu pamakampani onse a semiconductor, makamaka pankhani ya kusiyanasiyana kwa ma suppliers, kusinthasintha kwa njira zopangira, komanso kuwongolera mtengo. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri ukadaulo uwu kumathandizira kupititsa patsogolo luso komanso kupita patsogolo kwamakampani apadziko lonse lapansi a semiconductor.
Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-25-2024